Electoral threshold

An election official holds up a ballot paper during the counting process for the Istanbul mayoral elections re-run in June 2019. Photo: EPA-EFE/AKIN CELIKTAS

The Venice Commission said that even under the new law, the election threshold remains "among the highest in Europe", despite being reduced from 10 per cent to 7 per cent.

There are no political and legal conditions for holding early polls, the parliament speaker has said, recalling that the government had changed the system into an executive-presidency model to avoid political instability in Turkey.

The parties of the People's Alliance, the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), have agreed to lower the national election threshold from current 10 percent to 5 percent with plans to legislate it before the end of 2021.

In the Romanian parliamentary elections after 1989, two voting systems were applied: voting by list and distribution according to the principle of proportional representation (1990-2004 and 2016 elections) and mixed system, in which the vote was uninominal and the distribution of the mandates was of the proportional representation type (2008 and 2012 elections).