Nadia Urbinati

Turkey's presidential system debate as farce

"Populism is primed to open the door to a plebiscitarian transformation of democracy insofar as it makes the role of personality essential in representing the unity of people and elections through a plebiscite that crowns the leader. For this reason, presidential democracies are more exposed to both the populist style of politics and a plebiscitary kind of relation between the leader and the pe